Mandatory military service, or conscription, is still enforced in many countries worldwide, especially those facing security threats or with smaller populations. In contrast to voluntary military services like those in India or the United States, several nations require citizens to serve in the armed forces for a set period.

Countries such as South Korea and Israel have long-standing conscription systems, with men required to serve between 18 to 21 months in South Korea and both men and women serving in Israel. Iran also mandates military service for men, typically lasting 18 to 24 months. European nations like Switzerland, Norway, and Finland have mandatory service or reserve requirements for men. Similarly, Turkey and Singapore have strict conscription laws, with Turkey offering buyout options. Other countries, including Brazil, have conscription laws, but only a small number are selected for service.

While some nations require military service to bolster security, others implement it to build discipline and unity. With rising tensions in regions like the US, Israel, and Iran, mandatory military service remains a key tool for national defense preparedness.